Gushakisha impapuro zirambye: Ubuyobozi bwa EUDR na FSC

Mu nganda z’impapuro ku isi muri iki gihe, kubungabunga ibidukikije ntibikiri ikintu cy’ingenzi ahubwo ni ikintu cy’ingenzi gisabwa. Ku bigo byishingikiriza ku mpapuro—haba mu gupakira, gucapa, gusohora, cyangwa ibikoresho by’isuku—gusobanukirwa imiterere y’amategeko n’ibyemezo ni ingenzi. Amagambo abiri y’ingenzi ubu ari imbere mu biganiro ni ayaEUDR n'FSC icyemezo. Nubwo bifitanye isano, bikora ku ntego zitandukanye ariko zuzuzanya mu kwemeza ko amasoko ari meza.

Icyemezo cya FSC ni iki?

ItsindaInama y'Ubugenzuzi bw'Amashyamba (FSC) ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu uzwi ku isi, ushyiraho amahame ngenderwaho mu gucunga amashyamba neza. Icyemezo cya FSC ni icyemezo gishingiye ku isoko, gitangwa ku bushake.

• Icyo bisobanura: Icyemezo cya FSC cyemeza ko ibiti bikoreshwa mu gukora impapuro bikomoka ku mashyamba acungwa neza, afitiye akamaro abaturage, kandi akagira akamaro mu bukungu. Icyemezo cya "Uruhererekane rw'Uburinzi" (CoC) gikurikirana ibikoresho byemejwe na FSC biva mu ishyamba binyura mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa kugeza ku mukoresha wa nyuma, bikerekana ko ari inyangamugayo.
• Ikirango Uzi:Ubibona ku bicuruzwa nk'ukoFSC 100% (byose bivuye mu mashyamba yemewe na FSC),Uruvange rwa FSC (uruvange rw'ibiti byemewe, byasubiwemo, kandi bigenzurwa), naFSC Yasubijwe mu buryo bushya (yakozwe mu bikoresho byasubijwe).

Kuki dukeneye FSC?Ubusabe bw'inganda z'impapuro ni bwinshi cyane. Iyo hatabayeho ibikorwa by'ubunyangamugayo, bishobora gutera gutema amashyamba, gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, no guhonyora uburenganzira bw'abaturage kavukire n'abakozi b'amashyamba. FSC itanga urwego abaguzi n'ibigo bashobora kwizera. Ku ruganda rukora impapuro, kugira icyemezo cya FSC ni ikintu gikomeye gitandukanya isoko. Bigaragaza ubwitange mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, byujuje politiki zo gutanga amasoko y'ibirango birengera ibidukikije (nk'ibyo mu nzego z'ibitabo n'ubucuruzi), kandi bigatanga uburenganzira bwo kugera ku masoko aho icyemezo nk'icyo ari ngombwa.

EUDR ni iki?

ItsindaAmabwiriza agenga itemwa ry'amashyamba mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (EUDR)ni igice cy'ingenzi cyaamategeko ategetswebyashyizweho n'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi. Si uburyo bwo gutanga icyemezo ahubwo ni itegeko rigenga kugurisha ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe, harimo n'ibiti n'impapuro, ku isoko ry'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi.

• Icyo bisobanura: EUDR ivuga ko bitemewe n'amategeko gushyira ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi mu gihe byateje itemwa ry'amashyamba cyangwa kwangirika nyuma ya tariki ya 31 Ukuboza 2020. Abashoramari (abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga) bagomba gukora igenzura rikomeye.
• Ibisabwa by'ingenzi:Ibi bikubiyemo gutanga amakuru arambuyeamakuru y'ahantu(ubugari n'uburebure) by'ubutaka bwaciwemo ibiti, bigaragaza ko umusaruro "udaterwa amashyamba," no kwemeza ko wakozwe hakurikijwe amategeko agenga igihugu gitunganya ibiti.

Kuki dukeneye EUDR?Nubwo sisitemu z’ubushake nka FSC zateye imbere mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, EUDR ni intambwe ikomeye mu mategeko. Intego yayo ni ukugabanya uruhare rw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi mu gutema amashyamba ku isi no mu ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Bishyiraho inshingano zikurikizwa n’amategeko. Ku bakora impapuro n’abohereza mu mahanga, kubahiriza amategeko si amahitamo; ni ingenzi mu kugera ku isoko rinini ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Kutubahiriza amategeko bishobora gutera amande menshi no kwirukanwa mu muryango w’ibihugu bigize uwo muryango.

Ihuriro: Impamvu byombi ari ingenzi mu gushakisha impapuro zigezweho

Nubwo bitandukanye, FSC na EUDR bikorana cyane.

1. FSC nk'igikoresho cyo kubahiriza amategeko ya EUDR: Ku mukora impapuro, sisitemu ikomeye ya FSC Chain of Custody, isanzwe isaba gukurikirana ibiti mu mashyamba yemewe, itanga ishingiro rikomeye ryo kubahiriza ibisabwa na EUDR mu bushakashatsi no gukurikirana. Igenzura rikomeye n'ikarita biri mu micungire ya FSC bishobora koroshya cyane inzira yo kugaragaza ko ibiti bidakomoka mu gace katemwemo amashyamba. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko icyemezo cya FSC cyonyine atari "inzira y'icyatsi" yikora kugira ngo EUDR ikurikize amategeko; ibisabwa by'amategeko byihariye by'iryo tegeko bigomba kubahirizwa.
2. Ukuri kw'Isoko Mpuzamahanga: EUDR ni itegeko ry’akarere rifite amenyo ku isi. Niba uri umucuruzi w’impapuro muri Amerika ya Ruguru, Amerika y’Epfo, cyangwa Aziya kandi ukaba wifuza kohereza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu 27 bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ugomba kubahiriza amategeko ya EUDR. Muri icyo gihe, FSC iracyari ururimi rwemewe ku isi mu kubungabunga ibidukikije rusabwa n’ibigo bikomeye n’abaguzi ku isi yose,harimoabo mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Bityo rero, kugira byombi ni ingamba yuzuye.

Gukoresha mu buryo bufatika mu nganda z'impapuroTekereza ku ruganda rukora impapuro zipfunyika ku kirango cy’ubwiza cy’i Burayi.

• Itsindaikirango isaba inyandiko yemejwe na FSC kugira ngo igere ku ntego zayo zo kubungabunga imikorere y'ikigo no gukurura abakiriya bayo.
• ItsindaEUDRbituma bitemewe n'amategeko ko icyo kimenyetso cyinjiza ibipfunyika mu Burayi niba ibyo bipfunyika byaturutse ku butaka bwatemwe nyuma ya 2020.
• Itsindauruganda rukora impapurobityo, bagomba gushaka imboga zikomoka ku bimera byemewe n'amategeko kandi bitangiza amashyamba (byubahiriza EUDR) no gucunga umusaruro hakurikijwe uburyo bwemewe nka FSC kugira ngo bahuze icyifuzo cyihariye cy'ikirango.

UmwanzuroMuri make,Icyemezo cya FSCni igipimo cy’ubushake, kiyoboye isoko kugucunga amashyamba mu buryo bunoze, mu giheEUDR ni itegeko ritegetswe n'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi rirwanyagutema amashyamba. Inganda zikora impapuro za none ntizishobora gukora neza zitabikemura byombi. Nk'inganda zikora impapuro z'umwuga, ntabwo tubibona nk'imbogamizi, ahubwo tubibona nk'inkingi z'ingenzi zo kubaka uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa ruboneye, rufite imyitwarire myiza kandi rurambye. Ni ingenzi mu kurinda amashyamba y'isi, kubungabunga uburyo bwo kubona isoko, no guhaza ibyifuzo by'abafatanyabikorwa bacu ku isi bihora bihinduka. Ahazaza h'impapuro si ubwiza n'igiciro gusa; ni ingenzi cyane ku nshingano zishobora kwemezwa.