Ikarito yera yo gupakira itabi isaba gukomera cyane, kudacika, koroha no kwera. Ubuso bw'impapuro busabwa kuba burambuye, ntibugomba kugira imirongo, utudomo, uduce duto, guhindagurika no guhinduka kw'ikorwa ry'itabi. Nk'uko ipaki y'itabi ikoreshwa n'ikarito yera. Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gukoresha imashini icapa gravure yihuta mu gucapa, bityo ibisabwa ku gipimo cy'umuvuduko w'ikarito yera ni byinshi. Ingufu zo gukanda, zizwi kandi nka imbaraga zo gukanda cyangwa imbaraga zo gukanda, zigenewe kuba imbaraga ntarengwa impapuro zishobora kwihanganira mu gihe cyo gucika, zigaragazwa muri kN/m. Imashini icapa gravure yihuta cyane yo gukurura imizingo y'impapuro, gucapa yihuta cyane kugira ngo bihangane n'umuvuduko mwinshi, niba ikibazo cyo gucika kenshi kw'impapuro, kizatuma habaho guhagarara kenshi, kugabanya imikorere myiza, ariko nanone bikongera igihombo cy'impapuro.
Hari ubwoko bubiri bwaikarito y'umweru yo gushyiramo amapaki y'itabi, imwe ni FBB (ikariti y'umuhondo y'umweru) indi ni SBS (ikariti y'umweru y'umweru), FBB na SBS byombi bishobora gukoreshwa mu mapaki y'itabi ni ikariti y'umweru ifite uruhande rumwe.
FBB igizwe n'ibice bitatu by'umunyu, ibice byo hejuru n'ibyo hasi bikoresha umunyu wa sulfate, naho ibice by'ibanze bikoresha umunyu wa shimi w'ibiti byasibwe. Uruhande rw'imbere (uruhande rwo gucapa) rutwikiriwe n'urupapuro rwo gusiga rukoreshwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bubiri cyangwa butatu bwo gukaraba, mu gihe uruhande rw'inyuma nta rupapuro rwo gusiga rufite. Kubera ko urupapuro rwo hagati rukoresha umunyu wa shimi n'uruganda, rutanga umusaruro mwinshi ku biti (85% kugeza 90%), ikiguzi cyo gukora kiri hasi, bityo igiciro cyo kugurisha icyo gisubizo ni gito.Ikarito ya FBBni nkeya cyane. Iyi purepeti ifite imigozi miremire kandi ifite imigozi mike mito n'udupfundikizo duto, bigatuma impapuro zirangiye ziba nziza, ku buryo FBB y'umugozi umwe iba nini cyane kurusha SBS, nayo isanzwe igizwe n'ibice bitatu by'umugozi, hamwe n'umugozi w'imbaho wa sulfure ukoreshwa mu bice byo mu maso, mu gice cyo hagati, no mu gice cyo inyuma. Igice cy'imbere ((uruhande rwo gucapa)) gitwikiriwe, kandi kimwe na FBB nacyo gitwikiriwe n'udupfundikizo tubiri cyangwa dutatu, mu gihe uruhande rwo inyuma nta gice cyo hejuru gifite. Kubera ko igice cyo hagati gikoresha kandi umugozi w'imbaho wa sulfate wa bleached, gifite umweru mwinshi bityo kitwa ikarita y'umweru y'umugozi. Muri icyo gihe, imigozi y'umugozi iba myiza, impapuro zirakomeye, kandi SBS iba nto cyane kuruta ubunini bwa FBB y'umugozi umwe.
Ikarita y'itabi, cyangwaikarito y'umweruKu itabi, ni ikariti yera ifite ibara ryiza cyane ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho byo gupfunyika itabi. Iyi mpapuro yihariye itunganywa kandi igakorwa neza mu buryo bunoze, kandi inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni uguha itabi ipaki nziza, isuku kandi irinda ikoreshwa. Nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'ibicuruzwa by'itabi, ikarita ntiyujuje gusa ibyo ikenera mu gupfunyika ibicuruzwa, ahubwo inagaragaza neza ikirango cy'ikirango bitewe n'uburyo ikoreshwa mu gutunganya no gucapa.
Ibiranga
1. Ibikoresho n'ingano.
Ikarita y'itabi ifite igipimo kinini, ubusanzwe kirenga 200g/m2, ibi bikaba bituma ubugari n'imbaraga bihagije kugira ngo ikomeze kandi ikingire itabi riri imbere.
Imiterere ya fibre yayo ni imwe kandi yuzuye, ikozwe mu giti cyiza cyane, kandi yongeramo ingano ikwiye y'ibirungo n'amakori kugira ngo impapuro zikomere kandi zikore neza.
2. Gusiga no gusiga kalindari.
Uburyo bwo gushushanya butuma ubuso buba burambitse kandi bunoze, bukongera ubukana bw'impapuro, kandi bugatuma amapaki y'itabi asa neza cyane.
3. Imiterere ya fizikikemike.
Ikarita y'itabi ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyipfunyika no kuyicamo, bigatuma idacika mu gihe cyo kuyipfunyika mu buryo bwihuta. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyifata no kuyima, ikaba ari nziza mu gucapa vuba no gukumira ko wino yinjira.
Yujuje ibisabwa n'amabwiriza agenga umutekano w'ibiribwa, nta mpumuro igira kandi nta bintu byangiza umubiri w'umuntu, birengera umutekano w'abaguzi.
4. Kurengera ibidukikije no kurwanya ibyiganano.
Bitewe n’uko abantu benshi barushaho gusobanukirwa kurengera ibidukikije, gukora amakarita y’itabi agezweho bikunze gukoresha umutungo kamere ushobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi bigagabanya ihumana ry’ibidukikije.
Bimwe mu bikoresho by’amakarita y’itabi byo ku rwego rwo hejuru binakoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kurwanya amahimbano, nk’amabara yihariye, imigozi y’amabara, imiterere ya laser, nibindi, kugira ngo bihangane n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’impimbano.
Porogaramu
Gupfunyika mu gasanduku gakomeye: Ikoreshwa mu gukora ubwoko butandukanye bw'udusanduku tw'itabi dukomeye, urwego rw'imbere rushobora kandi gushyirwaho aluminiyumu n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo byongere imiterere y'uruzitiro. Udupaki tworoshye: Nubwo tudakunze kuboneka, amakarita y'itabi nayo akoreshwa nk'imigozi cyangwa imigozi mu dupaki tumwe na tumwe tw'itabi tworoshye.
Ikirango: Binyuze mu gucapa neza no gushushanya neza, amakarita y'itabi afasha amasosiyete y'itabi kugaragaza isura y'ikirango cyayo no kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku isoko.
Ibisabwa n'amategeko n'amabwiriza: Kubera ko amategeko akomeye cyane ku bijyanye no gupfunyika itabi mu bihugu bitandukanye, amakarita y'itabi nayo agomba kubahiriza itegeko ry'uko imiburo y'ubuzima igaragara neza kandi ikagorana kuyihindura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 22 Nyakanga-2024